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The 'Neither one nor many' argument (Wylie: gcig du 'bral ba'i gtan tshigs)〔Shantarakshita (author); Mipham (commentator); Padmakara Translation Group (translators)(2005). ''The Adornment of the Middle Way: Shantarakshita's Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham.'' Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. ISBN 1-59030-241-9 (alk. paper), p.39〕 is an argument employed by different philosophers and spiritual traditions for various reasons. The 'Neither one nor many argument' and its permutations and antecedents, particularly the "problem of the One and the Many" as charted by McEvilley (2002: pp. 23–66) in his ''magnum opus'', has an ancient pedigree in the lineages of both Indian Philosophy and Greek Philosophy.〔, pp.23-66〕 McEvilley (2002) also provides strongly persuasive arguments inferring the mutual influence and mutual iteration of the ancient Indian and Greek philosophical traditions but proffers patently inconclusive and undemonstrable evidence, the perennial bugbear of historical inquiry. The argument is a factor in the algorithmic function of the ''Catuskoti''. In its Buddhist employ, the argument is one of a suite of arguments within the purview of Pramana and Indian logic to demonstrate and test various doctrines.〔Shantarakshita (author); Mipham (commentator); Padmakara Translation Group (translators)(2005). ''The Adornment of the Middle Way: Shantarakshita's Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham.'' Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. ISBN 1-59030-241-9 (alk. paper), p.39〕 Different authorities and sources provide different enumerations of these said arguments, Khenpo Yonten Gyamtso lists them thus: *'diamond splinters' argument (Wylie: rdo rje gzegs ma'i gtan tshigs) *'refutation of production of existent and nonexistent effects' (Wylie: yod med skye 'gog gi gtan tshigs) *'refutation of production related to four possible alternatives' (Wylie: mu bzhi skye ba'i gtan tshigs) *'dependent arising' argument (Wylie: rten 'brel gyi gtan tshigs) *argument of 'neither one nor many' (Wylie: gcig du 'bral ba'i gtan tshigs)〔Shantarakshita (author); Mipham (commentator); Padmakara Translation Group (translators)(2005). ''The Adornment of the Middle Way: Shantarakshita's Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham.'' Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. ISBN 1-59030-241-9 (alk. paper), p.39〕 The Padmakara Translation Group (2005: p. 39) convey the uniqueness of the ''Madhyamākalaṃkāra'' of Śāntarakṣita in Buddhist literature in its focused, dedicated and protracted employ of the "neither one nor many" argument:
==Notes== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neither one nor many」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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